Interesting discussion! This is only my view today, which could change tomorrow!
Allow an ideal free system to evolve from any initial power or wealth distribution, and over time it will naturally approach a power law distribution, where most is in the hands of a minority. But as long as all agents are free and non-violent, this is a reasonable outcome, including the existence of monopolies, that still only survive in the private market as long as they satisfy the needs of other people. In principle, those at the top of the power/wealth distribution are those that have and continue to serve society's demands the best. The resulting spread comes down to differences in skill, effort and unavoidably, luck.
That's all in principle. The problem is that an element of those with the most power will always seek to cement that power through depriving the choices of those without it, and will bend and reform the system to meet this purpose. Thus even a theoretically sound system ends up being corrupted by human nature. You can alternatively set up a system where power is maintained more equally, but such a non-equilibrium can only then be sustained by the force of an authority (e.g. socialism), which is then a contradiction that will ultimately be exploited.
So power struggles are not a problem of which system, as all systems converge eventually toward abuse of power, which in the end is only corrected by a revolution, with a new optimism, beginning a cycle anew. The technology (e.g. block-chains) only allows different kinds of systems to be tried, but it does not offer any panacea to these basic problems. Different systems will come and go, and the debates over which labels are best will continue. Some systems are less corruptible for longer than others, which is about the best we can aim for.
As I see it, the only lasting solution left is not a system at all, but a very human characteristic - learned wisdom.
the key problem as i see it that you mentioned is when those with early economic or other social successes use their newfound power to cement their positions--extracting wealth from others through coercive mechanisms and preventing future competition or challenges to their roles. this is typically the domain of governments and their crony business cartels. there's nothing inherently wrong with large wealth asymmetries, so long as they are derived by providing value in a nonviolent manner without forcefully restricting new competition.
one way i view orders of magnitude wealth asymmetries is that they provide lottery-type incentives to fuel dreams and induce somewhat irrational entrepreneurial activity (given that most startups fail, it's somewhat irrational to risk capital and time)...the asymmetric payoffs make this tradeoff interesting to people with the right risk-seeking profiles. humanity benefits from irrational risk-seekers dreaming of massive payoffs, most of them failing, and some of them creating awesome new things that are wildly successful.