I2P is the same as any other central server based services.

It is not. I2P is decentralized. It is a "layer on top of the internet" where you can (or will be able to in the future) do everything you can do in the "normal" internet - but encrypted, anonymous, censorship resistant. You can use torrents, e-mail, websites and much more in I2P. For example: if you create a Website in I2P (called eepSite) this website is on the PC you create it on. If you switch off your PC, the website is down. If everybody (every "user") in I2P switches their PC off, the I2P network is dead. There are no "central servers" keeping anything alive. Every user is his own server (and client) and uses other users' I2P-PCs to transfer encrypted data between each other (through tunnels).
Drawbacks so far: it is slow(er). But that should change as more users become active and the software matures.
And you need to run a (java-based) client-software all the time to use it.

While I'm convinced about the ingenuity behind BitShares and DACs, I'm still not sure if Keyhotee is in fact like http://xkcd.com/927/

Joe Weisenthal is changing his mind about bitcoins, thinks he dug deeper now, then shows a screenshot of the coinmarketcap.com Top 8 showing ProtoShares on #7 ... and writes this: "Now each one of these coin systems are pretty similar, but they have slightly different characteristics." I wonder when he comes up with an "I changed my mind about ProtoShares being slightly different from other coins" article.

http://www.businessinsider.com/im-changing-my-mind-about-bitcoin-2013-12

Why "warmup" and why does it never submit any shares?

Not sure but: it looks like it does not submit shares because 40c/m is a little slow. If you had 400c/m you would probably see "Share found!" every third line.
I don't know what "warmup" is exactly for, I think calculating some average ("warmup" later changes to "e=0.5678" or something like that).
 

Can anyone say something about the timeline of protoshares, 1 week, a month or a year from now. What is expected to happen. and what would people want to see happen?

http://invictus-innovations.com/protoshares says:
"BitShares should be fully developed and deployed within 6 months to 1 year."

If everything Invictus does/creates is open and free for all - how is Invictus planning to earn money? Just by acquiring enough ProtoShares now - like everybody else does?
Or by creating DACs - like I think BitShares would be? (Would you earn more with BitShares than the "normal" user would in the future? (Why?))
It sounds a little unbelievable that there's a company who creates innovative tools for everybody to freely use and just expects to make profit by doing what everybody else is going to do with its inventions.
Maybe the whole thing still is not clear enough for me. Bitcoin is easier to understand!

Thanks for the explanations!
So from what I read here BitShares - or even better: ProtoShares - would be the first choice because of the idea of the DACs behind it. Which to me seems like a huge potential the others don't (seem to) have.

Allow me to say that from what it looks (optically) at the moment (= the websites), Invictus / ProtoShare / Bitshare (tradebitshares.com - holy moses, remove those "motivational" pictures!) is "a little" behind of for example Mastercoin and other competitors. But I see theres a bounty already for creating good looks to back the good concept. And I think that will be one of the most important parts!
If I would just get a first impression of the Invictus / ProtoShare thing optically from the websites I would just think "BETA!" or "not trustworthy" or something like that. But for the whole thing to be successful you have to get lots of people to support the concept.
Also I don't really "like" the idea of a company behind all this. Companies are evil, companies want to make money, maybe by using me. - So it should be clearly stated that all of this is open, free for all, community driven and not dependent on a company (name) nobody has ever heard of.
These are my first thoughts so far.  Still appreciate more information of course.

Can somebody explain the differences between the "Coins" mentioned in the subject  in simple words?
There is so much documentation about all of them, but if I wanted to invest let's say $100000 in "digital currency" to make the most of it - and I'm not interested in the technology behind it or how to mine it -, if I just want to make the most profit of my $ over the next let's say 5 years, what would you advise where to invest the money - and why?

Nobody can predict the future and of course, this is the BitShares forum - but knowing what you're dealing with: why are you here and not over at Colored Coin or Mastercoin?
Is it because BitShare/ProtoShare is so fresh and you see a chance of getting in early - or are there more profound reasons you prefer Proto/BitShare to the others?